Scrotal Swelling
What are the causes of scrotal swellings?
Hydrocele
A build-up of fluid in the tissue around the testicle. This is fairly common, occurring in around 10 per cent of newborn baby boys. They are caused if the duct through which the testicles pass into the scrotum fails to close, allowing fluid to leak through.
Hernia
If the duct remains open, there is a risk that part of the intestine will pass through it, bulging into the scrotum.
Varicocele
Painless swellings caused by enlarged veins.
Idiopathic scrotal oedema
Testicle tumour
Painful scrotal swellings may be caused by:
Testicular torsion
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis (the tube that connects the testicle to the sperm duct called the vas deferens). This may be caused by infection, such as e. coli, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea.
Orchitis
Inflammation of the testicles. This is often caused by bacteria (e.g. chlamydia, gonorrhoea, etc.) or viruses (e.g. mumps).
Zipper entrapment
Schönlein-Henoch purpura
Scrotal swelling can also be caused by other injuries to the area, insect bites, and allergic reactions.
Diagnosing scrotal swellings
Scrotal swellings should be examined by a doctor, particularly if the cause is unknown. The doctor will take a medical history and enquire about when the swelling began and the severity of the pain (if any). A physical examination of the scrotum, testicles, and abdomen will be carried out.
A urine sample is usually taken to check for infections, and in some cases, an ultrasound scan will be performed.
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Treatments for scrotal swellings
Surgery
Testicular torsion may require surgery to save the testicle, while a hernia may also require surgery to repair.